THE IMPACT OF MATERIAL'S PRICE HIKE ON THE PRODUCTION COST: A CASE STUDY OF SUMMIT COMMUNICATIONS LTD.
Keywords:
Material Price Hikes, Production Costs, Network-Building Operations, Summit Communications Ltd.
Abstract
This research paper examines the impact of material price hikes on the production cost of Summit Communications Ltd, a telecommunications company in Bangladesh. The study aims to analyze the breakdown of production costs, describe the network-building operations, and suggest recommendations based on the findings. The paper includes historical data and trends in material prices and production costs that can aid in budget creation, cost analysis, and audit purposes. The results show that manufacturing has become more expensive over time as a result of rising labor expenses and the cost of purchasing equipment. Materials prices also fluctuate due to the pandemic, going up significantly in 2018, down significantly in 2019, and then back up in 2021. The study looks at the particular products that underwent price hikes, such as fuel, cement, sand, stone, and rod, as well as how the company handled these difficulties. The findings reveal that Summit Communications Ltd. implemented several strategies to mitigate the impact of rising material costs on production, including cost-cutting measures, renegotiating contracts with suppliers, and exploring alternative materials. The company's financial performance was negatively impacted by the material price hikes, but it was able to maintain its position in the market. The study offers valuable insights into how companies can navigate the challenges of rising material costs and maintain their position in the market.
JEL Classification Codes: D24, L96, O32, C13.
References
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Bhuiyan, K. H., Jahan, I., Zayed, N. M., Islam, K. M. A., Suyaiya, S., Tkachenko, O., & Nitsenko, V. (2022). Smart Tourism Ecosystem: A New Dimension toward Sustainable Value Co-Creation. Sustainability, 14(22), 15043. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215043
Chowdhury, S., Islam, K. M. A., Rahman, M. M., Raisa, T. S., & Zayed, N. M. (2020). One Day International (ODI) Cricket Match Prediction in Logistic Analysis: India VS. Pakistan. Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 8(6), 543-548. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2020.080629
Chowdhury, F. N., Mustafa, J., Islam, K. M. A., Hasan, K. B. M. R., Zayed, N. M., & Raisa, T. S. (2021a). Social Business in an Emerging Economy: An Empirical Study in Bangladesh. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(3), 931–941. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2021.VOL8.NO3.0931
Chowdhury, S., Meero, A., Rahman, A.A.A., Islam, K. M. A., & Zayed, N. M., Hasan, K.B.M. R. (2021b). AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE FACTORS AFFECTING ORGANIC FOOD PURCHASING BEHAVIOR IN BANGLADESH: ANALYZING A FEW FACTORS. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(4), 1-12. Retrieved from https://www.abacademies.org/articles/An-empirical-study-on-the-factors-affecting-
Edeh, F. O., Zayed, N. M., Darwish, S., Nitsenko, V., Hanechko, I., & Islam, K. M. A. (2023). Impression Management and Employee Contextual Performance in Service Organizations (Enterprises) Emerging Science Journal, 7(2), 366-384. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-02-05
Faisal-E-Alam, M., Meero, A., Rahman, A. A. A., Zayed, N. M., Islam, K. M. A., & Imran, M. A. (2022). Social Media and Tourists’ Decision in Bangladesh: An Empirical Study on Travelling Cox’s Bazar. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 13(4), 925-934. Retrieved from https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/7050organic-food-purchasing-behavior-in-bangladesh-analyzing-a-few-factors-1939-6104-20-4-815.pdf
Iqbal, M. M., Islam, K. M. A., Zayed, N. M., Beg, T. H., & Shahi, S. K. (2021). IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DIGITAL ECONOMY ON INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4: EVIDENCE FROM BANGLADESH. American Finance & Banking Review, 6(1), 42-55. https://doi.org/10.46281/amfbr.v6i1.1489
Kader, S. A., Zayed, N. M., Khan, S., Islam, K. M. A., & Siddiki, M. N. A. (2019). An Analysis of Socio-Economic Condition of Female Readymade Garments’(RMG) Workers in Dhaka City. The Millennium University Journal, 4(1), 12-20. Retrieved from http://www.themillenniumuniversity.edu.bd/journal/index.php/TMUJ/article/view/26
Kader, S. A., Rahman, A. A. A., Meero, A., Islam, K. M. A., Zayed, N. M., Hasan, K. B. M. R. (2021a). COVID-19: AFTER EFFECTS OF CORONAVIRUS AND ITS IMPACT ON GLOBAL ECONOMY. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(1). 1-9 Retrieved from https://www.abacademies.org/articles/covid19-after-effects-of-coronavirus-and-its-impact-on-global-economy-11472.html
Kader, S. A., Kulsum, U., Islam, K. M. A., Siddiki, M. N. A., Zayed, N. M., & Raisa, T. S. (2021b). Present Situation of the Field Workers in the Development Sector: A Social, Financial and Employment Aspect in Bangladesh. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 56(2). https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.2.29
Kabir, M. R., Khan, S., Chowdhury, S., Jahan, S., Islam, K. A., & Zayed, N. M. (2021). Corruption Possibilities in the Climate Financing Sector and Role of the Civil Societies in Bangladesh. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 56(2). https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.2.6
Khan, S., Zayed, N. M., Darwish, S., Nitsenko, V., Islam, K. M. A., Hassan, M. A., & Dubrova, O. (2023). Pre and Present COVID-19 Situation: A Framework of Educational Transformation in South Asia Region. Emerging Science Journal, 7, 81-94. https://doi.org/10.28991/ESJ-2023-SPER-06
Mia, M. M., Zayed, N. M., Islam, K. M. A., Nitsenko, V., Matusevych, T., & Mordous, I. (2022). The Strategy of Factors Influencing Learning Satisfaction Explored by First and Second-Order Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Inventions, 7(3), 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7030059
Nayeen, C. J., Islam, K. M. A., Chowdhury, F. N., & Zayed, N. M. (2020). Testing Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) through English for Today (EFT) in Bangladesh: Challenges Faced by Tertiary Students Initially. American International Journal of Education and Linguistics Research, 3(2), 19-27.
Nahar, S., Meero, A., Rahman, A. A. A., Hasan, K. B. M. R., Islam, K. M. A., Zayed, N. M., Faisal-E-Alam, M. (2021). ANALYSIS ON THE MARKETING STRATEGY AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF BANKING INDUSTRY IN BANGLADESH: AN ENTREPRENEURIAL CASE STUDY OF HSBC BANK. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 27(4). 1-7. Retrieved from https://www.abacademies.org/articles/Analysis-on-the-marketing-strategy-and-competitive-advantage-of-banking-industry-1528-2686-27-4-552.pdf
Rahman, A. A. A., Meero, A., Zayed, N. M., Islam, K. M. A., Rabban, M. R., Bunagan, V. D. R. (2021a). IMPACT OF LEVERAGE RATIOS ON INDICATORS OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM BAHRAIN. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(3). Retrieved from https://www.abacademies.org/articles/impact-of-leverage-ratios-on-indicators-of-financial-performance--evidence-from-bahrain-11166.html
Rahman, A. A. A., Darwish, S., Meero, A., Zayed, N. M., Islam, K. M. A., Raisa, T. S. (2021b). EMERGING STRATEGIES AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF COVID-19: A CASE STUDY OF GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL COUNTRIES (GCC). Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(1). 1-10 Retrieved from https://www.abacademies.org/articles/emerging-strategies-and-economic-impact-of-covid19-a-case-study-of-gulf-cooperation-council-countries-gcc-11270.html
Rubi, M. A., Chowdhury, S., Rahman, A. A. A., Meero, A., Zayed, N. M., & Islam, K. M. A. (2022). Fitting Multi-Layer Feed Forward Neural Network and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average for Dhaka Stock Exchange Price Predicting. Emerging Science Journal, 6(5), 1046-1061. https://doi.org/10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-05-09
Shahriar, M. S., Islam, K. M. A., Zayed, N. M., Hasan, K. B. M. R., & Raisa, T. S. (2021a). The Impact of COVID-19 on Bangladesh’s Economy: A Focus on Graduate Employability. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(3), 1395–1403. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2021.VOL8.NO3.1395
Shahriar, M.S., Hasan, K.B.M.R., Hossain, T., Beg, T.H., Islam, K.M.A., & Zayed, N.M. (2021b). Financial decision making and forecasting techniques on project evaluation: a planning, development and entrepreneurial perspective. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 27(4), 1-7. Retrieved from https://www.abacademies.org/articles/Financial-decision-making-and-forecasting-techniques-on-project-evaluation-a-planning-development-1528-2686-27-4-553.pdf
Shayery, A. J., Zayed, N. M., Islam, K. M. A., Hossain, M. F., Nitsenko, V. S., & Imran, M. A. (2022). THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONALIZATION TO IMPROVE AND ENSURE QUALITY EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY OF DAFFODIL INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY (BANGLADESH). Natsional'nyi Hirnychyi Universytet. Naukovyi Visnyk, 6, 160-169. https://doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2022-6/160
Zayed, N. M .Z., Meero, A., Rahman, A. A. A., Islam, K. M. A., Shahiduzzaman Khan Shahi, Shama Tasnim. (2021a). Demand and Supply-Side Analysis of Dhaka Based Online Business during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Bangladesh. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 56(3). https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.3.47
Zayed, N. M., Islam, K. M. A., Shahi, S. K., Rahman, M. S., & Raisa, T. S. (2021b). AN ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECTS OF CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) ON THE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OF MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS. Australian Finance & Banking Review, 5(1), 43-53. https://doi.org/10.46281/afbr.v5i1.1015
Zayed, N. M., Edeh, F. O., Darwish, S., Islam, K. M., Kryshtal, H., Nitsenko, V., & Stanislavyk, O. (2022a). Human Resource Skill Adjustment in Service Sector: Predicting Dynamic Capability in Post COVID-19 Work Environment. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(9), 402. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15090402
Zayed, N. M., Edeh, F. O., Islam, K. M. A., Nitsenko, V., Dubovyk, T., & Doroshuk, H. (2022b). An Investigation into the Effect of Knowledge Management on Employee Retention in the Telecom Sector. Administrative Sciences, 12(4), 138. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12040138
Zayed, N. M., Edeh, F. O., Islam, K. M. A., Nitsenko, V., Polova, O., & Khaietska, O. (2022c). Utilization of Knowledge Management as Business Resilience Strategy for Microentrepreneurs in Post-COVID-19 Economy. Sustainability, 14(23), 15789. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142315789
Zayed, N. M., Rashid, M. M., Darwish, S., Faisal-E-Alam, M., Nitsenko, V., & Islam, K. M. A. (2022d). The Power of Compensation System (CS) on Employee Satisfaction (ES): The Mediating Role of Employee Motivation (EM). Economies, 10(11), 290. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10110290
Ali, M. C., Islam, K. M. A., Chung, S. J., Zayed, N. M., & Islam, M. R. (2021). The correlation between job-hopping attitude and turnover behavior: A job satisfaction perspective in Bangladesh. International Journal of Business and Management Future, 5(1), 14-26.
Ahmed, S. F., Zayed, N. M., Islam, K. M. A., & Nitsenko, V. (2022). Investigating the impact of re consumption on co2 emissions: evidence from the saarc countries. Natsional'nyi Hirnychyi Universytet. Naukovyi Visnyk, 3, 107-111. https://doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2022-3/107
Al-Quraan, T. M., Vovk, O., Halko, S., Kvitka, S., Suprun, O., Miroshnyk, O., ... & Islam, K. A. (2022). Energy-Saving Load Control of Induction Electric Motors for Drives of Working Machines to Reduce Thermal Wear. Inventions, 7(4), 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7040092
Bhuiyan, K. H., Jahan, I., Zayed, N. M., Islam, K. M. A., Suyaiya, S., Tkachenko, O., & Nitsenko, V. (2022). Smart Tourism Ecosystem: A New Dimension toward Sustainable Value Co-Creation. Sustainability, 14(22), 15043. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215043
Chowdhury, S., Islam, K. M. A., Rahman, M. M., Raisa, T. S., & Zayed, N. M. (2020). One Day International (ODI) Cricket Match Prediction in Logistic Analysis: India VS. Pakistan. Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 8(6), 543-548. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2020.080629
Chowdhury, F. N., Mustafa, J., Islam, K. M. A., Hasan, K. B. M. R., Zayed, N. M., & Raisa, T. S. (2021a). Social Business in an Emerging Economy: An Empirical Study in Bangladesh. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(3), 931–941. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2021.VOL8.NO3.0931
Chowdhury, S., Meero, A., Rahman, A.A.A., Islam, K. M. A., & Zayed, N. M., Hasan, K.B.M. R. (2021b). AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE FACTORS AFFECTING ORGANIC FOOD PURCHASING BEHAVIOR IN BANGLADESH: ANALYZING A FEW FACTORS. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(4), 1-12. Retrieved from https://www.abacademies.org/articles/An-empirical-study-on-the-factors-affecting-
Edeh, F. O., Zayed, N. M., Darwish, S., Nitsenko, V., Hanechko, I., & Islam, K. M. A. (2023). Impression Management and Employee Contextual Performance in Service Organizations (Enterprises) Emerging Science Journal, 7(2), 366-384. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-02-05
Faisal-E-Alam, M., Meero, A., Rahman, A. A. A., Zayed, N. M., Islam, K. M. A., & Imran, M. A. (2022). Social Media and Tourists’ Decision in Bangladesh: An Empirical Study on Travelling Cox’s Bazar. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 13(4), 925-934. Retrieved from https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/7050organic-food-purchasing-behavior-in-bangladesh-analyzing-a-few-factors-1939-6104-20-4-815.pdf
Iqbal, M. M., Islam, K. M. A., Zayed, N. M., Beg, T. H., & Shahi, S. K. (2021). IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DIGITAL ECONOMY ON INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4: EVIDENCE FROM BANGLADESH. American Finance & Banking Review, 6(1), 42-55. https://doi.org/10.46281/amfbr.v6i1.1489
Kader, S. A., Zayed, N. M., Khan, S., Islam, K. M. A., & Siddiki, M. N. A. (2019). An Analysis of Socio-Economic Condition of Female Readymade Garments’(RMG) Workers in Dhaka City. The Millennium University Journal, 4(1), 12-20. Retrieved from http://www.themillenniumuniversity.edu.bd/journal/index.php/TMUJ/article/view/26
Kader, S. A., Rahman, A. A. A., Meero, A., Islam, K. M. A., Zayed, N. M., Hasan, K. B. M. R. (2021a). COVID-19: AFTER EFFECTS OF CORONAVIRUS AND ITS IMPACT ON GLOBAL ECONOMY. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(1). 1-9 Retrieved from https://www.abacademies.org/articles/covid19-after-effects-of-coronavirus-and-its-impact-on-global-economy-11472.html
Kader, S. A., Kulsum, U., Islam, K. M. A., Siddiki, M. N. A., Zayed, N. M., & Raisa, T. S. (2021b). Present Situation of the Field Workers in the Development Sector: A Social, Financial and Employment Aspect in Bangladesh. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 56(2). https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.2.29
Kabir, M. R., Khan, S., Chowdhury, S., Jahan, S., Islam, K. A., & Zayed, N. M. (2021). Corruption Possibilities in the Climate Financing Sector and Role of the Civil Societies in Bangladesh. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 56(2). https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.2.6
Khan, S., Zayed, N. M., Darwish, S., Nitsenko, V., Islam, K. M. A., Hassan, M. A., & Dubrova, O. (2023). Pre and Present COVID-19 Situation: A Framework of Educational Transformation in South Asia Region. Emerging Science Journal, 7, 81-94. https://doi.org/10.28991/ESJ-2023-SPER-06
Mia, M. M., Zayed, N. M., Islam, K. M. A., Nitsenko, V., Matusevych, T., & Mordous, I. (2022). The Strategy of Factors Influencing Learning Satisfaction Explored by First and Second-Order Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Inventions, 7(3), 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7030059
Nayeen, C. J., Islam, K. M. A., Chowdhury, F. N., & Zayed, N. M. (2020). Testing Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) through English for Today (EFT) in Bangladesh: Challenges Faced by Tertiary Students Initially. American International Journal of Education and Linguistics Research, 3(2), 19-27.
Nahar, S., Meero, A., Rahman, A. A. A., Hasan, K. B. M. R., Islam, K. M. A., Zayed, N. M., Faisal-E-Alam, M. (2021). ANALYSIS ON THE MARKETING STRATEGY AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF BANKING INDUSTRY IN BANGLADESH: AN ENTREPRENEURIAL CASE STUDY OF HSBC BANK. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 27(4). 1-7. Retrieved from https://www.abacademies.org/articles/Analysis-on-the-marketing-strategy-and-competitive-advantage-of-banking-industry-1528-2686-27-4-552.pdf
Rahman, A. A. A., Meero, A., Zayed, N. M., Islam, K. M. A., Rabban, M. R., Bunagan, V. D. R. (2021a). IMPACT OF LEVERAGE RATIOS ON INDICATORS OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM BAHRAIN. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(3). Retrieved from https://www.abacademies.org/articles/impact-of-leverage-ratios-on-indicators-of-financial-performance--evidence-from-bahrain-11166.html
Rahman, A. A. A., Darwish, S., Meero, A., Zayed, N. M., Islam, K. M. A., Raisa, T. S. (2021b). EMERGING STRATEGIES AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF COVID-19: A CASE STUDY OF GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL COUNTRIES (GCC). Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(1). 1-10 Retrieved from https://www.abacademies.org/articles/emerging-strategies-and-economic-impact-of-covid19-a-case-study-of-gulf-cooperation-council-countries-gcc-11270.html
Rubi, M. A., Chowdhury, S., Rahman, A. A. A., Meero, A., Zayed, N. M., & Islam, K. M. A. (2022). Fitting Multi-Layer Feed Forward Neural Network and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average for Dhaka Stock Exchange Price Predicting. Emerging Science Journal, 6(5), 1046-1061. https://doi.org/10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-05-09
Shahriar, M. S., Islam, K. M. A., Zayed, N. M., Hasan, K. B. M. R., & Raisa, T. S. (2021a). The Impact of COVID-19 on Bangladesh’s Economy: A Focus on Graduate Employability. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(3), 1395–1403. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2021.VOL8.NO3.1395
Shahriar, M.S., Hasan, K.B.M.R., Hossain, T., Beg, T.H., Islam, K.M.A., & Zayed, N.M. (2021b). Financial decision making and forecasting techniques on project evaluation: a planning, development and entrepreneurial perspective. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 27(4), 1-7. Retrieved from https://www.abacademies.org/articles/Financial-decision-making-and-forecasting-techniques-on-project-evaluation-a-planning-development-1528-2686-27-4-553.pdf
Shayery, A. J., Zayed, N. M., Islam, K. M. A., Hossain, M. F., Nitsenko, V. S., & Imran, M. A. (2022). THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONALIZATION TO IMPROVE AND ENSURE QUALITY EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY OF DAFFODIL INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY (BANGLADESH). Natsional'nyi Hirnychyi Universytet. Naukovyi Visnyk, 6, 160-169. https://doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2022-6/160
Zayed, N. M .Z., Meero, A., Rahman, A. A. A., Islam, K. M. A., Shahiduzzaman Khan Shahi, Shama Tasnim. (2021a). Demand and Supply-Side Analysis of Dhaka Based Online Business during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Bangladesh. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 56(3). https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.3.47
Zayed, N. M., Islam, K. M. A., Shahi, S. K., Rahman, M. S., & Raisa, T. S. (2021b). AN ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECTS OF CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) ON THE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OF MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS. Australian Finance & Banking Review, 5(1), 43-53. https://doi.org/10.46281/afbr.v5i1.1015
Zayed, N. M., Edeh, F. O., Darwish, S., Islam, K. M., Kryshtal, H., Nitsenko, V., & Stanislavyk, O. (2022a). Human Resource Skill Adjustment in Service Sector: Predicting Dynamic Capability in Post COVID-19 Work Environment. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(9), 402. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15090402
Zayed, N. M., Edeh, F. O., Islam, K. M. A., Nitsenko, V., Dubovyk, T., & Doroshuk, H. (2022b). An Investigation into the Effect of Knowledge Management on Employee Retention in the Telecom Sector. Administrative Sciences, 12(4), 138. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12040138
Zayed, N. M., Edeh, F. O., Islam, K. M. A., Nitsenko, V., Polova, O., & Khaietska, O. (2022c). Utilization of Knowledge Management as Business Resilience Strategy for Microentrepreneurs in Post-COVID-19 Economy. Sustainability, 14(23), 15789. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142315789
Zayed, N. M., Rashid, M. M., Darwish, S., Faisal-E-Alam, M., Nitsenko, V., & Islam, K. M. A. (2022d). The Power of Compensation System (CS) on Employee Satisfaction (ES): The Mediating Role of Employee Motivation (EM). Economies, 10(11), 290. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10110290
Published
2023-08-19
How to Cite
Al-Imran, M., Chowdhury, M. S., Arafin, S., Hridoy, M. Z., & Rahman, M. M. (2023). THE IMPACT OF MATERIAL’S PRICE HIKE ON THE PRODUCTION COST: A CASE STUDY OF SUMMIT COMMUNICATIONS LTD. American International Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research, 14(3), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.46281/aijmsr.v14i3.2063
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Original Articles/Review Articles/Case Reports/Short Communications
Copyright (c) 2023 Md Al-Imran, Md Salim Chowdhury, Sadia Arafin, Miftahul Zannat Hridoy, Md. Mostafizur Rahman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
