CRITICAL DIMENSIONS OF WELL-BEING IN SELANGOR, MALAYSIA
Keywords:
Critical Dimension, Well-Being, Economic, Environment, Health, Spiritual, Emotion.
Abstract
Selangor is leading the other thirteen states in Malaysia in the economy, making it one of the most preferred places to stay for its economic flourish, employment prospect, great infrastructure, and excellent facilities. Selangor is ranked the highest by contributing 23% of its National Gross National Product to Malaysia. Nevertheless, for social indicators, Selangor ranked fourth in the country. Social development was not at par with the fast-growing economy and the extensive physical developments that take place. Thus, the objective of this paper is to identify the critical dimensions of Selangorians’ well-being. We adapted a questionnaire from a Gallup survey and distributed it about 1500 questionnaires to people in Selangor using random and non-proportionate stratified sampling in twelve (12) municipalities of the state. We employed SPSS 22.0 for descriptive results and Smart PLS 3.0 for the structural equation modeling. The finding revealed that the economic dimension (t-values =5.141), environment dimension (t-values =6.668), health dimension (t-value=5.092), and spiritual dimension (t-values= 4.969) were significant to well-being except for emotion dimension (t-values =0.283). This finding provides insights to practitioners, local authorities, and policymakers of the state government in enhancing Selangorians’ quality of life and well-being.
JEL Classification Codes: I31, I38.
References
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Phillips, R. & Wong, C. (2017). Handbook of community well-being research (pp. 523–530). Dordrecht: Springer.
Povey, J., Boreham, P., & Tomaszewski, W. (2016). The development of a new multi-faceted model of social well-being: Does income level make a difference? Journal of Sociology, 52(2), 155-172.
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Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2017). Partial least squares structural equation modelling. Handbook of market research, 1-40.
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Strachan, G., Wright, G. D., & Hancock, E. (2007). An evaluation of a community health intervention programme aimed at improving health and well-being. Health Education Journal, 66(3), 277-285.
Tonon, G. (2017). Community well-being and national well-being: The opinion of young people. In R.
Tsai, M. C., Dwyer, R. E., & Tsay, R. M. (2016). Does financial assistance really assist? The impact of debt on well-being, health behaviour and self-concept in Taiwan. Social Indicators Research, 125(1), 127-147.
Türksever, A. N. E. & Atalik, G. (2001). Possibilities and limitations for the measurement of the quality of life in urban areas. Social indicators research, 53(2), 163-187.
Utsey, S. O., Bolden, M. A., Williams, O., Lee, A., Lanier, Y., & Newsome, C. (2007). Spiritual Well-Being as a Mediator of the Relation between Culture-Specific Coping and Quality of Life in a Community Sample of African Americans. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 38(2), 123–136. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022106297296
Wiseman, J., & Brasher, K. (2008). Community well-being in an unwell world: Trends, challenges, and possibilities. Journal of Public Health Policy, 29(3), 353-366.
Abu-Raiya, H. (2013). The psychology of Islam: Current empirically based knowledge, potential challenges, and directions for future research. In K. I. Pargament, J. J.
Exline, & J. W. Jones (Eds.), APA handbook of psychology, religion, and spirituality: Context, theory, and research (Vol. 1, pp. 681 695). Washington, DC: APA.
Bakar, A. A., Osman, M. M., Bachok, S., & Ibrahim, M. (2016). Investigating rationales of Malaysia’s quality of life and well-being components and indicators. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 222, 132-142.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc
Coleman, P., McKiernan, F., Mills, M., & Speck, P. (2002). Spiritual belief and quality of life: the experience of older bereaved spouses. Quality in Ageing and Older Adults, 3(1), 20-26.
Cunningham, C. J. L., De La Rosa, G. M., & Jex, S. M. (2008). The dynamic influence of individual characteristics on employee well-being: A review of the theory, research, and future directions. In K. Naswall, J. Hellgren, & M. Sverke (Eds.), The individual in the changing working life (pp. 258 283). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Department of Statistics, 2016.
Di Tella, R., MacCulloch, R., & Oswald, A. (2001). Preferences over inflation and unemployment. Evidence from surveys of happiness. The American Economic Review, 91(1), 335–341.
Dodge, R., Daly, A. P., Huyton, J., & Sanders, L. D. (2012). The challenge of defining well-being. International journal of well-being, 2(3).
Dolan, P., Peasgood, T., & White, M. (2008). Do we really know what makes us happy? A review of the economic literature on the factors associated with subjective well-being. Journal of economic psychology, 29(1), 94-122.
Doodman, P., & Safari, H. (2017). Study of Association between Spiritual Well-Being and Happiness in Male Students in Firouzabad County, Iran.
Fornell, C.R., & Lacker, D.F. (1981). Two structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error.18
Gallup. (1992). Retrieved from https://www.gallup.com/home.aspx 1992
Gatzweiler, F. W., Zhu, Y. G., Roux, A. V. D., Capon, A., Donnelly, C., Salem, G., ... & Hanaki, K. (2017). Advancing health and well-being in the changing urban environment. In Advancing Health and Well-being in the Changing Urban Environment (pp. 1-48). Springer, Singapore.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 207-219). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152.
Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Gudergan, S. P. (2017). Advanced issues in partial least squares structural equation modelling. Sage Publications.
Hashim, H. & Shuib, K.B., (2016). Comparing Economic and Social indicators Towards Sustainable Development in Selangor. Academia.edu.
Kenny, C. (2005). Does development make you happy? Subjective well-being and economic growth in developing countries. Social Indicators Research, 73(2), 199-219.
Khairani Afifi, Health is Wealth April 22, 2019, Making better health more accessible for all. The Edge.
Kim, Y., & Ludwigs, K. (2017). Measuring community well-being and individual well-being for public policy: The case of the community well-being atlas. Handbook of community well-being research (pp. 423–433). Dordrecht: Springer.
Lee, S. J., & Kim, Y. (2018). Economy Doesn’t Buy Community Well-being: a Study of Factors Shaping Community Well-being in South Korea. International Journal of Community Well-Being, 1(1), 33–44.doi:10.1007/s42413-018-0004-2
Malaysian Well-being Report. (2013). Retrieved from https://www.mesym.com/en/posts/malaysian-well-being-report-2013/
Marks, L., Cave, S., Hunter, D., Mason, J., Peckham, S., & Wallace, A. (2011). Governance for health and well-being in the English NHS. Journal of health services research & policy, 16(1_suppl), 14-21.
Merriam, S. B., & Kee, Y. (2014). Promoting community well-being: The case for lifelong learning for older adults. Adult Education Quarterly, 64(2), 128-144.
Musa, H. D., Yacob, M. R., Abdullah, A. M., & Ishak, M. Y. (2018). Enhancing subjective well-being through strategic urban planning: Development and application of community happiness index. Sustainable cities and society, 38, 184-194.
Newton, J. (2007). Well-being and the Natural Environment: A brief overview of the evidence. University of Bath, UK.
Husin, N.A., Yulia, A., Shahdan, T.S., Ngah, F., Ghazali, A., & Azim, ZAZ. (2020). The Quality of Life among Selangorians: A Domain Evaluation. International Journal of
Innovation, Creativity and Change. 14(1). 1061-1073. Retrieved from https://www.ijicc.net/images/Vol_14/Iss_1/14194_Husin_2020_E_R.pdf
Pargament, K. I., Smith, B. W., Koenig, H. G., & Perez, L. (1998). Patterns of positive and negative religious coping with major life stressors. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37(4), 710 724. doi:10.2307/1388152
Phillips, R. & Wong, C. (2017). Handbook of community well-being research (pp. 523–530). Dordrecht: Springer.
Povey, J., Boreham, P., & Tomaszewski, W. (2016). The development of a new multi-faceted model of social well-being: Does income level make a difference? Journal of Sociology, 52(2), 155-172.
Prescott-Allen, R. (2001). The well-being of nations. Island Press.
Rath, T., Harter, J. K., & Harter, J. (2010). Well-being: The five essential elements. Simon and Schuster.
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2017). Partial least squares structural equation modelling. Handbook of market research, 1-40.
Selangor Blueprint. (2016). Retrieved from https://selangorkini.my>2016blueprint-smart-selangor
Strachan, G., Wright, G. D., & Hancock, E. (2007). An evaluation of a community health intervention programme aimed at improving health and well-being. Health Education Journal, 66(3), 277-285.
Tonon, G. (2017). Community well-being and national well-being: The opinion of young people. In R.
Tsai, M. C., Dwyer, R. E., & Tsay, R. M. (2016). Does financial assistance really assist? The impact of debt on well-being, health behaviour and self-concept in Taiwan. Social Indicators Research, 125(1), 127-147.
Türksever, A. N. E. & Atalik, G. (2001). Possibilities and limitations for the measurement of the quality of life in urban areas. Social indicators research, 53(2), 163-187.
Utsey, S. O., Bolden, M. A., Williams, O., Lee, A., Lanier, Y., & Newsome, C. (2007). Spiritual Well-Being as a Mediator of the Relation between Culture-Specific Coping and Quality of Life in a Community Sample of African Americans. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 38(2), 123–136. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022106297296
Wiseman, J., & Brasher, K. (2008). Community well-being in an unwell world: Trends, challenges, and possibilities. Journal of Public Health Policy, 29(3), 353-366.
Published
2020-10-14
How to Cite
Husin, N. A., Ngah, F., Yulia, A., Azim, Z. A. Z., & Ghazali, A. S. M. (2020). CRITICAL DIMENSIONS OF WELL-BEING IN SELANGOR, MALAYSIA. Indian Journal of Finance and Banking, 4(3), 39-52. https://doi.org/10.46281/ijfb.v4i3.812
Section
Regular Research Article/ Short Communication Article
Copyright (c) 2020 Nor Azilah Husin, Fahmi Ngah, Astri Yulia, Zainal Azhar Zainal Azim, Amirul Syafiq Mohd Ghazali
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
