A Literature Review on the Imidazole

 

Muhammed� Abdel Hasan Shallal

M.Sc� in� Chemistry , Assist .Lecturer ,Thiqar Government ,Iraq

 

 

Abstract

This review� gives� some� information� about� imidazole� ring� as a ( ligand , complex , antimicrobial , antimalarial , anticancer , uses , applications , linked�� with� active� groups� such� as� Schiff� base , azo� group , ..).

 

Keywords: Uses, Applications ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

 

 

Imidazole ring has five membered ring systems that contain hydrogen binding domain, and electron donor nitrogen system(1-3).The first imidazole was described by Fischer (1882), but the nature of the ring system was demonstrated by Freud and Kuhn (1890)(4-6).

Imidazole are important because their biological activity among their isomer, particularly the imidazole possessed a broad spectrum of biological activities including antimicrobial (90)antituberculosis(7-11) antioxidant(12-16) anti-inflammatory(17-20) anticonvulsants(21-25) antidepressant and anxiolytic(26-31) antihypertensive(32-36) anticancer(37-40) and antifungal activity(41-44).

Also,� studying(45) reported thatmany� imidazole derivatives were� dissolved in diluted� acid , and� coupling reaction(46) hours at (0) 0Cto give final product .

Coupling� reaction that containing compounds react with� and� aromatic� primary� amine� to produce� imidazole- azo� dyes (47).These compounds have wide attention�� because� of� their� pharmacological activities such as hypertensive agents (48),anticholinergic agents (49),antispasmodics(50), anticancer agents(51), oxo-tremorine antagonists (52) and antibacterial agents (53).

Other� paper(54): synthesizedazo dyes- linked� with� phenol� derivative�� from� coupling� reaction�� with different�� compounds� in presence of� diluted� hydrochloric� acid� to�� yield� ligands� then� complexation� with� some� ions :

 

On the other hand , other� paper(55)� reported� that imidazole � mannich� derivatives(56)were� prepared through reaction of� secondary� aromatic�� amine� compound with� carbonyl� compound��� in presence of� strong�� base, this mixture was stirred� for (5) hours� to� formation� many�� antibacterial� compounds :

While� studying(57) usedbis- carboxylic� acid and diamine� compounds�� in� closure� conditions�� under� refluxing� for (6) hrs, then basified to give� imidazole derivative�� as� anti- HIV :

 

But� in� paper(58) reacted the imidazolewith triazole in existence of ��closure�� conditions �in DMF and stirred for (16 ) hours at room temperature� then� refluxing�� for (7 ) hrs to give final product� antifungal� compounds:

On the other hand�� researcher(59) addedimidazole� ring� to� sulfur�� and� nitrogen� compounds�� to� formation� compounds� involving�� antitumor� activities:

In� new� paper60) reported the preparation ofimidazole�� -azo� with� sulphone� compounds�� as� antimlaria� compounds:

 

Antmalaria� compounds(61)was yield from reaction of� imidazole� compound� with� active� ring� from� thiadiazole� or� oxadiazole� ring� :

But� other� studying(61)� formatted� hydrazo- imidazole� derivatives� as� antifungal� compounds

 

Paper(62) succeed to�� format� imidazole � imine� compounds� fromsubstituted compound reacted with� different aldehydes� under reflux (4) hours.

Other� literature (63):prepared azomethine �imidazole� as analgesic�� by reaction of aromatic� aldehydes with� amine�� imidazole :

Imidazole� derivative� was�� prepared by�� reaction� of� benzimidazole(64)with� sulfur� or� disulfide� compounds�� to� formation� corrosion� inhibitors� compounds:

Studying(65):� prepared� polymer (vinyl chloride) dissolved in dry tetrahydrofuran, in reaction with amine under� reflux for (7) hours to give final products�� as� a polymers.

Imidazole� in �Mixed� Ligands� , Complex �Mixed , which� prepared� from� condensation� reaction� of� di amine� compounds with� carbonyl� compounds(66) :

Also� in� other� studying� ,� imidazole� ligand� was� prepared�� from� sulphone� derivative(67) :

Other�� imidazole� compounds� were� prepared�� as�� drugs� in� medical� fields(68):

But� in� new� studies,� imidazole� compounds� were� prepared�� as� antitumor�� in� medicinal� fields(69-70):

And� other�� paper ,� antibacterial(71-73)sulphonamide��� compounds� were �synthesized:

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