DETERMINATION OF FRUIT DEVELOPMENT STAGES AND PRODUCTION OF DATES IN KHAIRPUR SINDH PAKISTAN
Keywords:
Date Palm, Fruit Stages, Production, Varieties.
Abstract
The study was conducted to record fruit development stages of nine Date palm cultivars from spathe initiation to harvest. The data was recorded as per each parameter; finally mean days were calculated at completion of each fruit development stage. The results revealed that all cultivars initiated spathes from 8th January to 26th February. Significant differences were recorded in all physiological fruit development stages. The minimum period of (13.66 days) and maximum (24.00 days) were taken by Shakri and Begum jangi respectively up to the spathe maturity stage, whereas Aseel taken (14.33 days) and Dhaki recorded (27.00 days) to pollination. In the fruit setting (Hababuk stage) Hussaini noted minimum period of (44.33 days) and Muzawati observed maximum (57.66 days). In Doka formation (Kimri stage, the Hussaini cultivar recorded lowest period of (71.33 days) and Muzawati taken highest (99.33 days). Up to mature fruit (khalal stage) Begum jangi attained the minimum (110.33 days). However Fasli and Dhakki observed the maximum (153.67 days). At Rutab stage, the cultivar Begum jangi recorded lowest harvesting period (118.33 days) and Dhaki noted highest (158.00 days). In relation to the maximum yield Dhaki recoded (169.00 kg/plant) and Hussaini produced minimum yield (97.00 kg/plant).
References
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Al-Yahyai, R., & Al-Kharusi, L. (2012). Physical and chemical quality attributes of freeze-stored dates. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 14(1).
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Bacha, M. A., Nasr, T. A., & Shaheen, M. A. (1987). Changes in Physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits of four date palm cultivars. Proc Saudi Biol Soc, 10, 285-295.
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Dammas, M. O. (1998). Fruit growth and receptivity of pistillate flowers pollination in two date palm cultivars (Phoenix dactylifera L.) (Doctoral dissertation, M. Sc. Thesis, Fac. of Meteorology, Environment and Arid land Agri. King Abdel Aziz Univ).
El-Salhy, A., Abdel-Galil, H. A., El-Akkad, M. M., & Diab, Y. M. (2011). Effect of delaying pollination on yield and fruit quality of sewy date palm under new valley conditions in Egypt. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 7(6), 408-412.
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Markhand, G. S., Abul-Soad, A. A., Mirbahar, A. A., & Kanhar, N. A. (2010). Fruit characterization of Pakistani dates. Pak. J. Bot, 42(6), 3715-3722.
Marzouk, H. M., El-Salhy, A. M., & Hassan, R. A. (2002a). Effect of pollination on fruit set yield and fruit quality of Zaghloul and Samany date palm cultivars. A- Evaluation of five seedling date palm males and their effect on yield and fruit quality. In Proc. of Minia 1st Conference for Agriculture and Environmental Science, Minia, Egypt (pp. 983-997).
Marzouk, H. M., El-Salhy, A. M., & Hassan, R. A. (2002b). Effect of pollination on fruit set, yield and fruits quality of Zaghlool and Samany date palm cultivars. B- Effect of male type and receptivity of pistillate flowers on fruit set, yield and some physical fruit properties. Proc. Minia 1st Conf. for Agric. And Environ. Sci. Minia, Egypt, (pp. 999-1012).
Myhara, R. M., Karkalas, J., & Taylor, M. S. (1999). The composition of maturing Omani dates. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 79(11), 1345-1350.
Moustafa, A. (1998, March). Studies on pollination of date palms. In Proceeding of the First International Conference on Date Palms, United Arab Emirates Univ., Al-Ain (pp. 39-48).
Pereau-Leroy, P. (1957). Flower fertilization in date palm. Hort. Abst., 27(3), 2812.
Samih, M. (2006). Determination of the best pollination time of sayer date cultivar. In Abstract of the Third International Date Palm Conf. Feb (Vol. 19).
Shaheen, M. A. (1986, September). Pistil receptivity in three cultivars of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). In Proc. 1 Hot. Sci. Conf. st Tanta Univ. Egypt. September (Vol. 11, pp. 489-499).
Statistix. (2006). Statistix 8 user guide, version 1.0. Analytical Software, PO Box 12185, Tallahassee FL 32317 USA.Copyright © 2006 by Analytical Software
Stoler, S. (1972). Date pollination and fertilization. II-Fertilization. Hort. Abst, 42(2), 4905.
Zaid, A., & Wet, P.F. (2002). Botanical and systematic description of the date palm. In: Zaid A, Arias-Jim´enez EJ, editors. Date Palm Cultivation. Rome, Italy: FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 156.
Al-Qurashi, A. D. (2010). Physico-chemical changes during development and ripening of' Helali'date palm fruit. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 8(2), 404-408.
Ahmed, S., & El-Shaikh, H.M. (1971). Receptivity of pistilite flowers in date palm. Punjab Frt. J. Lyallur, Pakistan, pp: 34242.
Al-Bajallani, A. N. R., Al-Attar, A., & Mohammad, A. A. (1989). Effect of day-time pollination during ten days aftere spth spalitting on fruit setting of Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. sukkari. Annals of Agricultural Science (Egypt).
Al-Hooti, S., Sidhu, J. S., & Qabazard, H. (1997). Physicochemical characteristics of five date fruit cultivars grown in the United Arab Emirates. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 50(2), 101-113.
Al-Khalifah, N. S. (2006). Metaxenia: influence of pollen on the maternal tissue of fruits of two cultivars of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Bangladesh J. Bot, 35(2), 151-161.
Al-Yahyai, R., & Al-Kharusi, L. (2012). Physical and chemical quality attributes of freeze-stored dates. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 14(1).
Al-Wasfy, M. M. (2005, April). Studies on receptivity of pistillate flowers of Zaghloul and Haiany date palm cultivars under Qena conditions. In Proceeding of Second Syrian Egyptian Conf (pp. 25-28).
Awad, M. A., & Al-Qurashi, A. D. (2012). Partial fruit set failure phenomenon in ‘Nabbut-Ali’and ‘Sabbaka’date palm cultivars under hot arid climate as affected by pollinator type and pollination method. Scientia horticulturae, 135, 157-163.
Awad, M. A. (2007). Increasing the rate of ripening of date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Helali by preharvest and postharvest treatments. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 43(1), 121-127.
Awad, M. A., Al-Qurashi, A. D., & Mohamed, S. A. (2011). Biochemical changes in fruit of an early and a late date palm cultivar during development and ripening. International Journal of Fruit Science, 11(2), 167-183.
Benmehaia, R., & Baka, M. (2015). Evaluation of male palms used in pollination and the extent of its relationship with cultivars of date-palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.) grown in region of Oued Righ, Algeria. Pak. J. Bot, 47(5), 2295-2300.
Bacha, M. A., Nasr, T. A., & Shaheen, M. A. (1987). Changes in Physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits of four date palm cultivars. Proc Saudi Biol Soc, 10, 285-295.
Chao, C. T., & Krueger, R. R. (2007). The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.): overview of biology, uses, and cultivation. HortScience, 42(5), 1077-1082.
Dammas, M. O. (1998). Fruit growth and receptivity of pistillate flowers pollination in two date palm cultivars (Phoenix dactylifera L.) (Doctoral dissertation, M. Sc. Thesis, Fac. of Meteorology, Environment and Arid land Agri. King Abdel Aziz Univ).
El-Salhy, A., Abdel-Galil, H. A., El-Akkad, M. M., & Diab, Y. M. (2011). Effect of delaying pollination on yield and fruit quality of sewy date palm under new valley conditions in Egypt. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 7(6), 408-412.
El-Kassas, S. E., & Mahmoud, H. M. (1984). Receptivity of pistillate flowers of Zagloul date palm grown in upper Egypt. Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Egypt).
Fadel, M., Kurmestegy, L., Rashed, M., & Rashed, Z. (2006). Fruit color properties of different cultivars of dates (Phoenix dactylifera, L.). Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal.
Fallahi, M. (1996). Growth, Treatment, and Packaging of Date; Barsava Publication: Tehran, Iran, P. 124.
Gupta, M. R., & Thatai, S. K. (1980). Receptivity of pistillate flowers in date-palm cv. Shamran. Journal of Research-Punjab Agricultural University, 17(4), 366-368.
Hong, Y. J., Tomas-Barberan, F. A., Kader, A. A., & Mitchell, A. E. (2006). The flavonoid glycosides and procyanidin composition of Deglet Noor dates (Phoenix dactylifera). Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 54(6), 2405-2411.
Iqbal, M., Niamatullah, M., & Munir, M. (2012). Effect of various Dactylifera males pollinizer on pomological traits and economical yield index of cv’s Shakri, Zahidi and Dhakki date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 22(2), 376-383.
Markhand, G. S., Abul-Soad, A. A., Mirbahar, A. A., & Kanhar, N. A. (2010). Fruit characterization of Pakistani dates. Pak. J. Bot, 42(6), 3715-3722.
Marzouk, H. M., El-Salhy, A. M., & Hassan, R. A. (2002a). Effect of pollination on fruit set yield and fruit quality of Zaghloul and Samany date palm cultivars. A- Evaluation of five seedling date palm males and their effect on yield and fruit quality. In Proc. of Minia 1st Conference for Agriculture and Environmental Science, Minia, Egypt (pp. 983-997).
Marzouk, H. M., El-Salhy, A. M., & Hassan, R. A. (2002b). Effect of pollination on fruit set, yield and fruits quality of Zaghlool and Samany date palm cultivars. B- Effect of male type and receptivity of pistillate flowers on fruit set, yield and some physical fruit properties. Proc. Minia 1st Conf. for Agric. And Environ. Sci. Minia, Egypt, (pp. 999-1012).
Myhara, R. M., Karkalas, J., & Taylor, M. S. (1999). The composition of maturing Omani dates. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 79(11), 1345-1350.
Moustafa, A. (1998, March). Studies on pollination of date palms. In Proceeding of the First International Conference on Date Palms, United Arab Emirates Univ., Al-Ain (pp. 39-48).
Pereau-Leroy, P. (1957). Flower fertilization in date palm. Hort. Abst., 27(3), 2812.
Samih, M. (2006). Determination of the best pollination time of sayer date cultivar. In Abstract of the Third International Date Palm Conf. Feb (Vol. 19).
Shaheen, M. A. (1986, September). Pistil receptivity in three cultivars of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). In Proc. 1 Hot. Sci. Conf. st Tanta Univ. Egypt. September (Vol. 11, pp. 489-499).
Statistix. (2006). Statistix 8 user guide, version 1.0. Analytical Software, PO Box 12185, Tallahassee FL 32317 USA.Copyright © 2006 by Analytical Software
Stoler, S. (1972). Date pollination and fertilization. II-Fertilization. Hort. Abst, 42(2), 4905.
Zaid, A., & Wet, P.F. (2002). Botanical and systematic description of the date palm. In: Zaid A, Arias-Jim´enez EJ, editors. Date Palm Cultivation. Rome, Italy: FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 156.
Published
2021-06-24
How to Cite
Jamro, M. M.-U.-R., Abbasi, Z. A., & Chandio, A. S. (2021). DETERMINATION OF FRUIT DEVELOPMENT STAGES AND PRODUCTION OF DATES IN KHAIRPUR SINDH PAKISTAN. Bangladesh Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research, 3(2), 21-27. https://doi.org/10.46281/bjmsr.v3i2.1190
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Section
Research Paper/Theoretical Paper/Review Paper/Short Communication Paper
Copyright (c) 2021 Muhammad Mahmood-Ur-Rahman Jamro, Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi, Ali Sher Chandio
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
