EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF CHATGPT IMPLEMENTATION ON HR PERFORMANCE SKILLS: A CASE STUDY OF ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS IN OMAN
Keywords:
ChatGPT Implementation, HR Performance Skills, User Training, ChatGPT Usability, AI for Academic Institutions
Abstract
Academic institutions increasingly integrate AI-driven tools like ChatGPT to enhance HR performance. However, the effectiveness of such adoption depends on various factors. The study investigates the impact of ChatGPT implementation on HR performance skills in Omani academic institutions, with user training, system usability, and cultural factors as moderating variables. Using a structured questionnaire, this study employs survey data collected from 791 HR staff from five academic institutions. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to examine direct and indirect relationships within the proposed framework and test the conceptual model. The outcomes show that implementing ChatGPT enhances the performance of HR skills predictably (B = 0.092, P = 0.003). User training showed a partial mediation effect (B = 0.090, t = 4.615, P = 0.000), which is evident as a key facilitator of the relationship between ChatGPT adoption and HR outcomes. In the same way, system usability was found to have a lesser but significant partial mediation effect (B = 0.019, t = 1.715, P = 0.043). However, organizational culture did not moderate the relationship significantly, B = 0.005, t = 0.922, P = 0.178. The findings of this study suggest that integrating AI-enabled tools like ChatGPT in academic HR settings requires a user-centered system development approach and targeted training. The results contribute to the literature by establishing a theoretical foundation for understanding how technology applications influence institutional efficiency and goal attainment, particularly in regions where education significantly impacts socio-economic development.
JEL Classification Codes: G32, F65, L66, L25, M41.
References
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Majumder, S., & Mondal, A. (2021). Are chatbots really useful for human resource management? International Journal of Speech Technology, 24(4), 969–977. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10772-021-09834-y
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Pande, S., Moon, J. S., & Haque, M. F. (2024). Education in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: An Evidence from Dhaka International University (DIU). Bangladesh Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research, 9(1), 7-14. https://doi.org/10.46281/bjmsr.v9i1.2186
Raj, R., Singh, A., Kumar, V., & Verma, P. (2023). Analyzing the potential benefits and use cases of ChatGPT as a tool for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of business operations. BenchCouncil Transactions on Benchmarks, Standards and Evaluations, 3(3), 100140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbench.2023.100140
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Szandała, T. (2025). ChatGPT vs human expertise in the context of IT recruitment. Expert Systems with Applications, 264, 125868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2024.125868
Thakral, P., Srivastava, P. R., Dash, S. S., Jasimuddin, S. M., & Zhang, Z. (Justin). (2023). Trends in the thematic landscape of HR analytics research: A structural topic modeling approach. Management Decision, 61(12), 3665–3690. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-01-2023-0080
Thottoli, M. M., Cruz, M. E., & Al Abri, S. S. S. (2025). The incubation revolution: Transforming entrepreneurial education with artificial intelligence. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 19(1), 2–23. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-11-2023-0221
Vassilakopoulou, P., Haug, A., Salvesen, L. M., & Pappas, I. O. (2023). Developing human/AI interactions for chat-based customer services: Lessons learned from the Norwegian government. European Journal of Information Systems, 32(1), 10–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085X.2022.2096490
Vrontis, D., Christofi, M., Pereira, V., Tarba, S., Makrides, A., & Trichina, E. (2022). Artificial intelligence, robotics, advanced technologies and human resource management: A systematic review. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(6), 1237–1266. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2020.1871398
AlHarthi, T. S. (2024). The Effect of AI on HRM Practices: In B. Sundaramurthy & P. Dayalan (Eds.), Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics (pp. 189–202). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-4187-2.ch009
Almamari, M. K., Muslim, N. A., & Khudari, M. (2025). Mediating Role of Top Management Support between Intrinsic Motivation Factors towards Employee Engagement in Oman’s Private Universities. Journal of Ecohumanism, 4(1), 2053–2064. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v4i1.6028
Ardichvili, A. (2022). The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Expertise Development: Implications for HRD. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 24(2), 78–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/15234223221077304
Ajayi, F. A., & Udeh, C. A. (2024). Innovative recruitment strategies in the IT sector: A review of successes and failures. Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews, 10(2), 150–164. https://doi.org/10.30574/msarr.2024.10.2.0057
Budhwar, P., Chowdhury, S., Wood, G., Aguinis, H., Bamber, G. J., Beltran, J. R., Boselie, P., Lee Cooke, F., Decker, S., DeNisi, A., Dey, P. K., Guest, D., Knoblich, A. J., Malik, A.,
Paauwe, J., Papagiannidis, S., Patel, C., Pereira, V., Ren, S., … Varma, A. (2023). Human resource management in the age of generative artificial intelligence: Perspectives and research directions on ChatGPT. Human Resource Management Journal, 33(3), 606–659. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12524
ChatGPT Implementation and HR Performance: A Case Study at Academic Institutions in Oman. (2024). Google Docs. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfcUaNeZG3dJDqcXnU8BSo92Ao0oxgzUPXO59NZtn6dFB7h3g/viewform?usp=embed_facebook&usp=embed_facebook
Chukwuka, E. J., & Dibie, K. E. (2024). Strategic role of artificial intelligence (AI) on human resource management (HR) employee performance evaluation function. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Innovation, 7(2), 269-282. https://doi.org/10.52589/IJEBI-HET5STYK
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R: A Workbook. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7
Hajrizi, B., & Shaqiri, A. B. (2024). Mapping the evolution of university-industry collaboration: A systematic literature review from 2000 to 2022. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 11(2), 157-170. https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2024.02.017
Hossain, Z. (2024). School librarians developing AI literacy for an AI-driven future: Leveraging the AI Citizenship Framework with scope and sequence. Library Hi Tech News. Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHTN-10-2024-0186
Jierasup, S., & Leelasantitham, A. (2024). A Change from Negative to Positive of Later Adoption Using the Innovation Decision Process to Imply Sustainability for HR Chatbots of Private Companies in Thailand. Sustainability, 16(13), 5641. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135641
Jahan, S. (2023). A Study on Electronic Human Resource Management (E-HRM) Practices in Apex Footwear Limited. Bangladesh Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research, 8(1), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.46281/bjmsr.v8i1.2162
Kooli, C. (2023). Chatbots in Education and Research: A Critical Examination of Ethical Implications and Solutions. Sustainability, 15(7), 5614. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075614
Kutieshat, R., & Farmanesh, P. (2022). The Impact of New Human Resource Management Practices on Innovation Performance during the COVID-19 Crisis: A New Perception on Enhancing the Educational Sector. Sustainability, 14(5), 2872. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052872
Khotimah, H., Manshur, U., Zaini, A. W., Sanjani, M. A. F., & Suhermanto, S. (2024). Increasing The Competence of Islamic Religious Education Teachers from A Madrasah-Based Management Perspective. Managere: Indonesian Journal of Educational Management, 6(1), 13-26. https://doi.org/10.52627/managere.v6i1.388
Luo, B., Lau, R. Y. K., Li, C., & Si, Y. (2022). A critical review of state‐of‐the‐art chatbot designs and applications. WIREs Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 12(1), e1434. https://doi.org/10.1002/widm.1434
Lussier, R. N. (2019). Management fundamentals: Concepts, applications, and skill development (8e ed.). SAGE.
Majumder, S., & Mondal, A. (2021). Are chatbots really useful for human resource management? International Journal of Speech Technology, 24(4), 969–977. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10772-021-09834-y
Mamuli, L., Mukabi, F., & Kagucia, C. (2025). Leveraging AI and Automation in HR Practices for Enhanced Employee Performance in Kenyan Organizations: Opportunities, Challenges and the Future Work Outlook. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 15(1), 1028-1041. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v15-i1/23498
Panday, P., Shukla, G. P., & Mishra, A. (2024). HR 1.0 to HR 4.0: The AI-Powered HR Revolution. In J. Kaur (Ed.), Advances in Human Resources Management and Organizational Development (pp. 257–268). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-9631-5.ch012
Pandey, A., Balusamy, B., & Chilamkurti, N. (2023). Disruptive Artificial Intelligence and Sustainable Human Resource Management: Impacts and Innovations -The Future of HR (1st ed.). River Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781032622743
Pandey, A., Singh, D. P., Arora, S., & Batta, K. (2024). From Data Entry to Data-Driven Decisions: The Role of AI in Revolutionizing HR Workflows. In J. Kaur (Ed.), Advances in Human Resources Management and Organizational Development (pp. 269–292). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-9631-5.ch013
Pande, S., Moon, J. S., & Haque, M. F. (2024). Education in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: An Evidence from Dhaka International University (DIU). Bangladesh Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research, 9(1), 7-14. https://doi.org/10.46281/bjmsr.v9i1.2186
Raj, R., Singh, A., Kumar, V., & Verma, P. (2023). Analyzing the potential benefits and use cases of ChatGPT as a tool for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of business operations. BenchCouncil Transactions on Benchmarks, Standards and Evaluations, 3(3), 100140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbench.2023.100140
Rangriz, H., Mehrabi, J., & Azadegan, A. (2011). The Impact of Human Resource Information System on Strategic Decisions in Iran. Computer and Information Science, 4(2), 81-87. https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v4n2p81
Savastano, M., Biclesanu, I., Anagnoste, S., Laviola, F., & Cucari, N. (2024). Enterprise chatbots in managers’ perception: A strategic framework to implement successful chatbot applications for business decisions. Management Decision, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-10-2023-1967
Sharma, M., Luthra, S., Joshi, S., & Kumar, A. (2022). Analysing the impact of sustainable human resource management practices and industry 4.0 technologies adoption on employability skills. International Journal of Manpower, 43(2), 463–485. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-02-2021-0085
Singh, R., Crowther, D., & Ravesangar, K. (2024). Harnessing Human Capital for a Sustainable Future: HR’s Pivotal Role Toward Net Zero Policies. In R. Singh & D. Crowther (Eds.), Transition Towards a Sustainable Future (pp. 27–47). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5756-5_2
Szandała, T. (2025). ChatGPT vs human expertise in the context of IT recruitment. Expert Systems with Applications, 264, 125868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2024.125868
Thakral, P., Srivastava, P. R., Dash, S. S., Jasimuddin, S. M., & Zhang, Z. (Justin). (2023). Trends in the thematic landscape of HR analytics research: A structural topic modeling approach. Management Decision, 61(12), 3665–3690. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-01-2023-0080
Thottoli, M. M., Cruz, M. E., & Al Abri, S. S. S. (2025). The incubation revolution: Transforming entrepreneurial education with artificial intelligence. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 19(1), 2–23. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-11-2023-0221
Vassilakopoulou, P., Haug, A., Salvesen, L. M., & Pappas, I. O. (2023). Developing human/AI interactions for chat-based customer services: Lessons learned from the Norwegian government. European Journal of Information Systems, 32(1), 10–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085X.2022.2096490
Vrontis, D., Christofi, M., Pereira, V., Tarba, S., Makrides, A., & Trichina, E. (2022). Artificial intelligence, robotics, advanced technologies and human resource management: A systematic review. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(6), 1237–1266. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2020.1871398
Published
2025-02-05
How to Cite
Shannaq, B., & Alabri, A. (2025). EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF CHATGPT IMPLEMENTATION ON HR PERFORMANCE SKILLS: A CASE STUDY OF ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS IN OMAN. Bangladesh Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research, 10(1), 11-21. https://doi.org/10.46281/bjmsr.v10i1.2281
Section
Research Paper/Theoretical Paper/Review Paper/Short Communication Paper
Copyright (c) 2025 Boumedyen Shannaq, Ahmed Alabri
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
