ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF INSURANCE COMPANIES LISTED ON THE PALESTINE STOCK EXCHANGE
Keywords:
Financial Performance, Insurance, Solvency Margin, Reinsurance, Institutional Factors, Governance
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the financial performance of insurance companies in Palestine. The entire study population was targeted at 7 insurance companies listed on the Palestine Exchange for the period between 2010 and 2019. The researchers used multiple linear regression analysis to create two models that represent the financial performance; the study adopted two models for measuring financial performance, the first model measuring financial performance by return on assets, and the other measuring financial performance by return on equity. The results showed a positive and statistically significant impact on the solvency margin, the state's legal system, the size of the board of directors, and the size of the company on the return on assets. There is a negative, statistically significant impact on each of the claims loss ratios, the dependence on the four major auditing firms, and the ownership of board members on the return on assets. The reliability of reinsurance and the audit committee did not show a statistically significant effect on the return on assets. The results showed a positive, statistically significant impact of the solvency margin and company size on the return on equity. The results indicate a negative, statistically significant impact of both the claims loss ratio and the Audit Committee on the return on equity. Reinsurance dependent, dependence on the four major auditing companies, the state's legal system, the size of the board of directors, and the ownership of board members have no significant effect on the return on equity. The study recommends that insurance companies in Palestine should comply with the required margin of money, which was set by the Palestinian Capital Market Authority at 150%.
JEL Classification Codes: G32, G22, G34, H54.
References
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Adekunle, A. S., & Stephen, A. S. (2017). Reinsurance and Performance of the Ceding Companies: The Nigerian Insurance Industry Experience. Economics and Business, 31(1), 19-29.
Anderloni, L., Moro, O., & Tanda, A. (2020). Governance and Performance in Insurance Companies: A Bibliometric Analysis and A Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 12(11), 1-1.
Azutoru, I. C., Obinne, U. G., & Chinelo, O. O. (2017). Effect of Corporate Governance Mechanisms on Financial Performance of Insurance Companies in Nigeria. Journal of Finance and Accounting, 5(3), 93-103.
Batool, A., & Sahi, C. A. (2019). Determinants of Financial Performance of Insurance Companies of USA and UK During Global Financial Crisis (2007 – 2016). International Journal of Economics and Business Administration, 5(1), 23-33.
Berhe, T. A., & Kaur, J. (2017). Determinants of insurance companies’ profitability Analysis of insurance sector in Ethiopia. International Journal of Research in Finance and Marketing (IJRFM), 7(4), 124-137.
Bentler, P. M., & Chou, C. P. (1987). Practical issues in structural modeling. Sociological methods & research, 16(1), 78-117.
Birjandi, H., Hakemi, B., & Sadeghi, M. M. M. (2015). The study effect agency theory and signaling theory on the level of voluntary disclosure of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 6(1), 174-185.
Cudiamat, A., & Siy, J. S. (2017). Determinants of Profitability in Life Insurance Companies: Evidence from the Philippines. Essays in Economics and Business Studies, 42(5), 165-175.
Daare, W. J. (2016). Determinants Of Non-Life Insurance Companies Profitability: An Empirical Study In India. International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies (IJIRAS), 3(13), 6-11.
Dakhlallh, M. M., Rashid, N. N., Abdullah, W. A., & Dakhlallh, A. M. (2019). The Mediating Effect of the Managerial Ownership towards the Influence of the Board of Directors on the Firm Performance among Jordanian Public Shareholders Companies. Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques, 7(3), 760-767.
Dakhlallh, M. M., Rashid, N., Abdullah, W. A. W., & Al Shehab, H. J. (2020). Audit committee and Tobin's Q as a measure of firm performance among Jordanian companies. Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, 12(1), 28-41.
Deyganto, K. O., & Alemu, A. A. (2019). Factors Affecting Financial Performance of Insurance Companies Operating in Hawassa City Administration, Ethiopia. Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance, 7(1), 1-10.
DiMaggio, P., & Pawell, W. (1983). the iron cage revisited; institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational feilds. American sociological review, 48(2), 147-160.
Djunid, A., & Amelia, F. (2018). Effect of Biological Asset Intensity, Company Size, Ownership Concentration, and Type Firm against Biological Assets Disclosure. The Indonesian Journal of Accounting Research, 21(1), 121-146.
Dragos, S. L., Mare, C., Dragota, I. M., Dragos, C. M., & Muresan, G. M. (2017). The nexus between the demand for life insurance and institutional factors in Europe: new evidence from a panel data approach. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 30(1), 1477–1496.
Dube, S., & Maroun, W. (2017). Corporate social responsibility reporting by South African mining companies: Evidence of legitimacy theory. S.Afr.J.Bus.Manage, 48(1), 23-34.
Ebere, C. C., Ibannichuka, E., & Ogbonna, G. (2016). Corporate Governance System and Financial Performance of Quoted Insurance Companies in Nigeria. International Journal of Business & Law Research, 4(4), 34-41.
Farouk, M. A., & Hassan, S. U. (2014). Impact of Audit Quality and Financial Performance of Quoted Cement Firms in Nigeria. International Journal of Accounting and Taxation, 2(2), 01-22.
Gour, B., & Gupta, M. C. (2012). A review on solvency margin in Indian insurance companies. International Journal of Recent Research and Review, 2(1), 43-47.
Greene, W. (2018). Econometric analysis. . India: Pearson Education.
Gujarati, D., & Porter, D. (2009). Basic econometrics (ed.). Singapore: McGrew Hill Book Co.
Habtoor, O. S. (2021). The Influence of Board Ownership on Bank Performance: Evidence from Saudi Arabia. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(3), 1101–1111.
Harrison, J., Freeman, R., & Sá de Abreu, M. C. (2015). Stakeholder Theory As an Ethical Approach to Effective Management: applying the theory to multiple contexts. Review of Business, 17(55), 858-869.
Hsiao, C. (2014). Analysis of panel data (No. 54). Cambridge: university press.
Huang, Y., Ouyang, Y., Tang, L., & Zhou, J. (2018). Robust optimal investment and reinsurance problem for the product of the insurer’s and the reinsurer’s utilities. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 344, 532-552.
Johny, M., Purwoko, B., & Merawaty, E. E. (2021). Effect of Gross Premiums, Claims Reserves, Premium Reserves, and Payment of Claims to ROA (A Survey Of General Insurance Companies Is Recorded In IDX). International Journal of Economics, Management, Bussiness and Social Science (IJEMBIS), 1(1), 31-43.
Ishtiaq, N., & Siddiqui, D. A. (2019). FACTORS AFFECTING FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LIFE INSURANCE SECTOR IN PAKISTAN. International Journal of Social and Administrative Sciences, 4(2), 178-199.
Junaeni, I. (2017). Pengaruh EVA, ROA, DER dan TATO terhadap Harga Saham pada Perusahaan Makanan dan Minuman di BEI. Owner: Riset Dan Jurnal Akuntansi, 1(2), 32-47.
Junaid, M., Xue, Y., Syed, M. W., Ziaullah, M., & Riffat, N. (2020). Corporate governance mechanism and performance of insurers in Pakistan. Green Finance, 2(3), 243–262.
Kaya, E. Ö. (2015). The Effects of Firm-Specific Factors on the Profitability of Non-Life Insurance Companies in Turkey. International Journal of Financial Studies, 3(4), 510-529.
Koc, I. O. (2016). Determining Factors in Financial Performance of Publicly Traded Insurance Companies at Istanbul Stock Exchange. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 7(11), 169-177.
Kočović, J., Paunović, B., & Jovović, M. (2014). Determinants of business performance of non-life insurance companies in Serbia. Ekonomika preduzeća, 62(7-8), 367-381.
Lanis, R., & Richardson, G. (2012). Corporate social responsibility and tax aggressiveness: a test of legitimacy theory. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 26(1), 75-100.
Lei, Y. (2019). Reinsurance and Insurers’ Risk‐Return Profile. Journal of Insurance Issues, 42(1), 1–29.
Mare, C., Dragos, S. L., Dragota, I. M., & Muresan, G. M. (2016). SPATIAL CONVERGENCE PROCESSES ON THE EUROPEAN UNION’S LIFE INSURANCE MARKET. Economic Computation and Economic Cybernetics Studies and Research, 50(4), 93-107.
Mazviona, B. W., Dube, M., & Sakahuhwa, T. (2017). An Analysis of Factors Affecting the Performance of Insurance Companies in Zimbabwe. Journal of Finance and Investment Analysis, 6(1), 11-30.
Meyer, J., & Rowan, B. (1977). Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony. The American Journal of Sociology, 83(2), 340-363.
Miles, S. (2017). Stakeholder Theory Classification, Definitions and Essential Contestability (Vol. 1). Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited.
Mogro, S. C., & Barrezueta, N. B. (2019). Determinants of profitability of life and non-life insurance companies: evidence from Ecuador. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 14(5), 831-872.
Morara, K., & Sibindi, A. B. (2021). Assessing the Solvency, Underwriting Risk and Profitability of the Kenyan Insurance Sector. AUDOE, 17(5), 226-240.
Mousa, G. A., & Hassan, N. T. (2015). Legitimacy Theory and Environmental Practices: Short Notes. International Journal of Business and Statistical Analysis, 2(1), 41-53.
Nwoye, M. C., Anichebe, A. S., & Osegbue, I. F. (2021). Effect of Audit Quality on Earnings Management in Insurance Companies in Nigeria. Journal of Business & Economics, 7(2), 173-202.
Olalekan, L. I. (2018). Effect of liquidity risk, premium growth on the performance of quoted insurance firms in Nigeria: A panel data analysis. American Finance & Banking Review, 2(1), 44-53.
Osho, A. E., & Ayorinde, F. M. (2018). The General Tenets of Positive Accounting Theory Towards Accounting Practice and Disclosure in Corporate Organizations in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 9(20), 1-11.
Pant, S., & Bahadur KC, F. (2019). INSTITUTIONAL AND EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT OF INSURANCE INDUSTRY IN NEPAL. Nepal Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (NJMR), 2(1).
Puspitasari, E., Sudiyatno, B., Hartoto, W. E., & Widati, L. W. (2021). Net Interest Margin and Return on Assets: A Case Study in Indonesia. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(4), 0727–0734.
Panda, B., & Leepsa, N. (2017). Agency theory: Review of Theory and Evidence on Problems and Perspectives. Indian Journal of Corporate Governance, 10(1), 74-95.
Qoyum, A., Setyono, J., & Qizam, I. (2017). The Impact of Good Corporate Governance, Company Size Nn Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: Case Study of Islamic Banking in Indonesia. Iqtishadia: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam STAIN Kudus, 10(1), 103-159.
Rae, R., Barrett, A., Brooks, D., Chotai, M., & Pelkiewicz, A. (2018). A review of Solvency II: Has it met its objectives? British Actuarial Journal, 23(4), 1–72.
Rahman, M. M., Meah, M. R., & Chaudhory, N. U. (2019). The Impact of Audit Characteristics on Firm Performance: An Empirical Study from an Emerging Economy. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 6(1), 59-69.
Sankhla, B. (2021). Research Paper on Corporate Governance, Norms and Growth of Life Insurance Sector in India. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 6(2), 314-319.
Scott, W. R. (2008). Approaching Adulthood: The Maturing of Institutional Theory. Theory and Society, 37(5), 427-442.
Smith, A. (1776). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (New York: Modern Library, 1937). Book, 3, 356-396.
Sofia, P., & Avianti, I. (2019). Influence of Internal Control Activities And Characteristics Of Audit Committee On The Quality Of Audit Implementation ByA Public Accounting Firm. Jurnal Akuntansi, XXIII(1), 97-112.
Suchman, M. C. (1995). Managing Legitimacy: Strategic and Institutional Approaches. The Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 571-610.
Tarsono, O., Ardheta, P. A., & Amriyani, R. (2019). The Influence of Net Premium Growth, Claim Ratio and Risk-Based Capital on the Financial Performance of Life Insurance Companies. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 127, 65-68.
Adekunle, A. S., & Stephen, A. S. (2017). Reinsurance and Performance of the Ceding Companies: The Nigerian Insurance Industry Experience. Economics and Business, 31(1), 19-29.
Anderloni, L., Moro, O., & Tanda, A. (2020). Governance and Performance in Insurance Companies: A Bibliometric Analysis and A Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 12(11), 1-1.
Azutoru, I. C., Obinne, U. G., & Chinelo, O. O. (2017). Effect of Corporate Governance Mechanisms on Financial Performance of Insurance Companies in Nigeria. Journal of Finance and Accounting, 5(3), 93-103.
Batool, A., & Sahi, C. A. (2019). Determinants of Financial Performance of Insurance Companies of USA and UK During Global Financial Crisis (2007 – 2016). International Journal of Economics and Business Administration, 5(1), 23-33.
Berhe, T. A., & Kaur, J. (2017). Determinants of insurance companies’ profitability Analysis of insurance sector in Ethiopia. International Journal of Research in Finance and Marketing (IJRFM), 7(4), 124-137.
Bentler, P. M., & Chou, C. P. (1987). Practical issues in structural modeling. Sociological methods & research, 16(1), 78-117.
Birjandi, H., Hakemi, B., & Sadeghi, M. M. M. (2015). The study effect agency theory and signaling theory on the level of voluntary disclosure of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 6(1), 174-185.
Cudiamat, A., & Siy, J. S. (2017). Determinants of Profitability in Life Insurance Companies: Evidence from the Philippines. Essays in Economics and Business Studies, 42(5), 165-175.
Daare, W. J. (2016). Determinants Of Non-Life Insurance Companies Profitability: An Empirical Study In India. International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies (IJIRAS), 3(13), 6-11.
Dakhlallh, M. M., Rashid, N. N., Abdullah, W. A., & Dakhlallh, A. M. (2019). The Mediating Effect of the Managerial Ownership towards the Influence of the Board of Directors on the Firm Performance among Jordanian Public Shareholders Companies. Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques, 7(3), 760-767.
Dakhlallh, M. M., Rashid, N., Abdullah, W. A. W., & Al Shehab, H. J. (2020). Audit committee and Tobin's Q as a measure of firm performance among Jordanian companies. Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, 12(1), 28-41.
Deyganto, K. O., & Alemu, A. A. (2019). Factors Affecting Financial Performance of Insurance Companies Operating in Hawassa City Administration, Ethiopia. Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance, 7(1), 1-10.
DiMaggio, P., & Pawell, W. (1983). the iron cage revisited; institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational feilds. American sociological review, 48(2), 147-160.
Djunid, A., & Amelia, F. (2018). Effect of Biological Asset Intensity, Company Size, Ownership Concentration, and Type Firm against Biological Assets Disclosure. The Indonesian Journal of Accounting Research, 21(1), 121-146.
Dragos, S. L., Mare, C., Dragota, I. M., Dragos, C. M., & Muresan, G. M. (2017). The nexus between the demand for life insurance and institutional factors in Europe: new evidence from a panel data approach. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 30(1), 1477–1496.
Dube, S., & Maroun, W. (2017). Corporate social responsibility reporting by South African mining companies: Evidence of legitimacy theory. S.Afr.J.Bus.Manage, 48(1), 23-34.
Ebere, C. C., Ibannichuka, E., & Ogbonna, G. (2016). Corporate Governance System and Financial Performance of Quoted Insurance Companies in Nigeria. International Journal of Business & Law Research, 4(4), 34-41.
Farouk, M. A., & Hassan, S. U. (2014). Impact of Audit Quality and Financial Performance of Quoted Cement Firms in Nigeria. International Journal of Accounting and Taxation, 2(2), 01-22.
Gour, B., & Gupta, M. C. (2012). A review on solvency margin in Indian insurance companies. International Journal of Recent Research and Review, 2(1), 43-47.
Greene, W. (2018). Econometric analysis. . India: Pearson Education.
Gujarati, D., & Porter, D. (2009). Basic econometrics (ed.). Singapore: McGrew Hill Book Co.
Habtoor, O. S. (2021). The Influence of Board Ownership on Bank Performance: Evidence from Saudi Arabia. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(3), 1101–1111.
Harrison, J., Freeman, R., & Sá de Abreu, M. C. (2015). Stakeholder Theory As an Ethical Approach to Effective Management: applying the theory to multiple contexts. Review of Business, 17(55), 858-869.
Hsiao, C. (2014). Analysis of panel data (No. 54). Cambridge: university press.
Huang, Y., Ouyang, Y., Tang, L., & Zhou, J. (2018). Robust optimal investment and reinsurance problem for the product of the insurer’s and the reinsurer’s utilities. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 344, 532-552.
Johny, M., Purwoko, B., & Merawaty, E. E. (2021). Effect of Gross Premiums, Claims Reserves, Premium Reserves, and Payment of Claims to ROA (A Survey Of General Insurance Companies Is Recorded In IDX). International Journal of Economics, Management, Bussiness and Social Science (IJEMBIS), 1(1), 31-43.
Ishtiaq, N., & Siddiqui, D. A. (2019). FACTORS AFFECTING FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LIFE INSURANCE SECTOR IN PAKISTAN. International Journal of Social and Administrative Sciences, 4(2), 178-199.
Junaeni, I. (2017). Pengaruh EVA, ROA, DER dan TATO terhadap Harga Saham pada Perusahaan Makanan dan Minuman di BEI. Owner: Riset Dan Jurnal Akuntansi, 1(2), 32-47.
Junaid, M., Xue, Y., Syed, M. W., Ziaullah, M., & Riffat, N. (2020). Corporate governance mechanism and performance of insurers in Pakistan. Green Finance, 2(3), 243–262.
Kaya, E. Ö. (2015). The Effects of Firm-Specific Factors on the Profitability of Non-Life Insurance Companies in Turkey. International Journal of Financial Studies, 3(4), 510-529.
Koc, I. O. (2016). Determining Factors in Financial Performance of Publicly Traded Insurance Companies at Istanbul Stock Exchange. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 7(11), 169-177.
Kočović, J., Paunović, B., & Jovović, M. (2014). Determinants of business performance of non-life insurance companies in Serbia. Ekonomika preduzeća, 62(7-8), 367-381.
Lanis, R., & Richardson, G. (2012). Corporate social responsibility and tax aggressiveness: a test of legitimacy theory. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 26(1), 75-100.
Lei, Y. (2019). Reinsurance and Insurers’ Risk‐Return Profile. Journal of Insurance Issues, 42(1), 1–29.
Mare, C., Dragos, S. L., Dragota, I. M., & Muresan, G. M. (2016). SPATIAL CONVERGENCE PROCESSES ON THE EUROPEAN UNION’S LIFE INSURANCE MARKET. Economic Computation and Economic Cybernetics Studies and Research, 50(4), 93-107.
Mazviona, B. W., Dube, M., & Sakahuhwa, T. (2017). An Analysis of Factors Affecting the Performance of Insurance Companies in Zimbabwe. Journal of Finance and Investment Analysis, 6(1), 11-30.
Meyer, J., & Rowan, B. (1977). Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony. The American Journal of Sociology, 83(2), 340-363.
Miles, S. (2017). Stakeholder Theory Classification, Definitions and Essential Contestability (Vol. 1). Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited.
Mogro, S. C., & Barrezueta, N. B. (2019). Determinants of profitability of life and non-life insurance companies: evidence from Ecuador. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 14(5), 831-872.
Morara, K., & Sibindi, A. B. (2021). Assessing the Solvency, Underwriting Risk and Profitability of the Kenyan Insurance Sector. AUDOE, 17(5), 226-240.
Mousa, G. A., & Hassan, N. T. (2015). Legitimacy Theory and Environmental Practices: Short Notes. International Journal of Business and Statistical Analysis, 2(1), 41-53.
Nwoye, M. C., Anichebe, A. S., & Osegbue, I. F. (2021). Effect of Audit Quality on Earnings Management in Insurance Companies in Nigeria. Journal of Business & Economics, 7(2), 173-202.
Olalekan, L. I. (2018). Effect of liquidity risk, premium growth on the performance of quoted insurance firms in Nigeria: A panel data analysis. American Finance & Banking Review, 2(1), 44-53.
Osho, A. E., & Ayorinde, F. M. (2018). The General Tenets of Positive Accounting Theory Towards Accounting Practice and Disclosure in Corporate Organizations in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 9(20), 1-11.
Pant, S., & Bahadur KC, F. (2019). INSTITUTIONAL AND EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT OF INSURANCE INDUSTRY IN NEPAL. Nepal Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (NJMR), 2(1).
Puspitasari, E., Sudiyatno, B., Hartoto, W. E., & Widati, L. W. (2021). Net Interest Margin and Return on Assets: A Case Study in Indonesia. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(4), 0727–0734.
Panda, B., & Leepsa, N. (2017). Agency theory: Review of Theory and Evidence on Problems and Perspectives. Indian Journal of Corporate Governance, 10(1), 74-95.
Qoyum, A., Setyono, J., & Qizam, I. (2017). The Impact of Good Corporate Governance, Company Size Nn Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: Case Study of Islamic Banking in Indonesia. Iqtishadia: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam STAIN Kudus, 10(1), 103-159.
Rae, R., Barrett, A., Brooks, D., Chotai, M., & Pelkiewicz, A. (2018). A review of Solvency II: Has it met its objectives? British Actuarial Journal, 23(4), 1–72.
Rahman, M. M., Meah, M. R., & Chaudhory, N. U. (2019). The Impact of Audit Characteristics on Firm Performance: An Empirical Study from an Emerging Economy. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 6(1), 59-69.
Sankhla, B. (2021). Research Paper on Corporate Governance, Norms and Growth of Life Insurance Sector in India. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 6(2), 314-319.
Scott, W. R. (2008). Approaching Adulthood: The Maturing of Institutional Theory. Theory and Society, 37(5), 427-442.
Smith, A. (1776). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (New York: Modern Library, 1937). Book, 3, 356-396.
Sofia, P., & Avianti, I. (2019). Influence of Internal Control Activities And Characteristics Of Audit Committee On The Quality Of Audit Implementation ByA Public Accounting Firm. Jurnal Akuntansi, XXIII(1), 97-112.
Suchman, M. C. (1995). Managing Legitimacy: Strategic and Institutional Approaches. The Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 571-610.
Tarsono, O., Ardheta, P. A., & Amriyani, R. (2019). The Influence of Net Premium Growth, Claim Ratio and Risk-Based Capital on the Financial Performance of Life Insurance Companies. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 127, 65-68.
Published
2022-03-31
How to Cite
Barakat, F. S. Q., Hussein, J., Mahmoud, O. A. R., & Bayyoud, M. (2022). ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF INSURANCE COMPANIES LISTED ON THE PALESTINE STOCK EXCHANGE. Indian Journal of Finance and Banking, 9(1), 213-229. https://doi.org/10.46281/ijfb.v9i1.1679
Section
Research Paper/Theoretical Paper/Review Paper/Short Communication Paper
Copyright (c) 2022 Firas S. Q. Barakat, Jawad Hussein, Oroubah A. R. Mahmoud, Mohammed Bayyoud
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
