LEADERSHIP IN HYBRID WORK TEAMS: IMPACT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL AND AUTHENTIC LEADERSHIP ON RELATIONSHIPS AND TASK PERFORMANCE IN STUDENT TEAMS
Keywords:
Transformational Leadership, Authentic Leadership, Interpersonal Relationships, Task Performance, Hybrid Work Teams.
Abstract
Transformational and authentic leadership have caught researchers’ attention, and it has gained recognition and position within leadership studies. This quantitative research aims to measure the correlation between leaders' transformational and authentic leadership in interpersonal relationships and task performance perceived by their hybrid work teams. For this quantitative research, four previously investigated and validated instruments were utilized: the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ) Avolio et al. (2007), which has an acceptable internal consistency reported with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from .66 to .93; the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ-5X) Bass and Avolio (1994), known for its high reliability with a reported Cronbach's alpha of 0.71; the HQIR: High-Quality Interpersonal Relationships Questionnaire (Carmeli et al., 2009), which also exhibits high reliability with a reported Cronbach’s alpha of 0.93; and the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ) Koopmans et al. (2011), with Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.77 to 0.83, and which will be used with a common translation into Latin American Spanish. Using a sample of 156 participants who are members of student hybrid teams (N = 156), the findings of this study demonstrated a positive correlation between transformational leadership and both interpersonal relationships and task performance in hybrid work teams. This study represents one of the first investigations of transformational and authentic leadership and its correlation with interpersonal relationships and task performance in Latin America, and it has some leadership implications within hybrid work teams.
JEL Classification Codes: M12, M14, L2.
References
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Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2006). Manual for the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Consulting Psychologist Press.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Sage Publications.
Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. Harper and Row.
Carmeli, A. (2003). The relationship between emotional intelligence and work attitudes, behavior and outcomes: An examination among senior managers. Journal of managerial Psychology, 18(8), 788–813. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940310511881
Carmeli, A., Brueller, D., & Dutton, J. E. (2009). Learning behaviours in the workplace: The role of high‐quality interpersonal relationships and psychological safety. Systems Research and Behavioral Science: The Official Journal of the International Federation for Systems Research, 26(1), 81-98. https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.932
Challa, J., & Perwez, S. K. (2023). Influence of leadership styles of women entrepreneurs on their psychological wellbeing. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 11(4), e903-e903. https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i4.903
Chernyak-Hai, L., & Rabenu, E. (2018). The new era workplace relationships: Is social exchange theory still relevant? Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 11(3), 456–481. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2018.5
Cook, J., Mor, Y., & Santos, P. (2020). Three cases of hybridity in learning spaces: Towards a design for a zone of possibility. British Journal of Educational Technology, 51(4), 1155–1167. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12945
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Mapping the field of mixed methods research. Journal of mixed methods research, 3(2), 95-108. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689808330883
Depoo, L., & Hyršlová, J. (2022). Innovative approaches to management of virtual teams leading to reliability and retention. Quality Innovation Prosperity, 26(3), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.12776/qip.v26i3.1734
Dirik, H. F., & Seren Intepeler, S. (2024). An authentic leadership training programme to increase nurse empowerment and patient safety: A quasi‐experimental study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 80(4), 1417-1428. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.15926
Donnelly, R., & Patrinos, H. A. (2021). Learning loss during COVID-19: An early systematic review. Prospects, 51(4), 601–609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-021-09582-6
Dulebohn, J. H., & Hoch, J. E. (2017). Virtual teams in organizations. Human resource management review, 27(4), 569-574. Retrieved from https://daneshyari.com/article/preview/5033606.pdf
Gebbing, P., Bosbach, J., Helms, M., Umel, A., & Lattemann, C. (2024). Blending the Best? Fostering Creativity in Hybrid Teams. ECIS 2024 Proceedings. 18. Retrieved from https://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2024/track09_coghbis/track09_coghbis/18
George, B., Sims, P., McLean, A. N., & Mayer, D. (2007). Discovering your authentic leadership. Harvard Business Review, 85(2), 129–157.
Gusti, R. P., Wangi, P. S., Nofiantari, P., Hardjowikarto, D., & Kartono, K. (2024). The influence of transformational leadership and organizational commitment on employee performance of tea distributors. Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 3(9), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.55324/ijoms.v3i9.894
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Kovjanic, S., Schuh, S. C., & Jonas, K. (2013). Transformational leadership and performance: An experimental investigation of the mediating effects of basic needs satisfaction and work engagement. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 86(4), 543-555. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12022
Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C. M., Hildebrandt, V. H., Schaufeli, W. B., de Vet, H. C. W., & Van der Beek, A. J. (2011). Conceptual frameworks of individual work performance. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 53(8), 856-866. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e318226a763
Koopmans, L., Ramos-Villagrasa, P., Barrada, J., & Fernández-del-Río, E. (2019). La evaluación del desempeño en el trabajo con escalas de autoinforme breves: El cuestionario de desempeño laboral individual. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 35(3), 195-205. https://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2019a21
Klonek, F. E., Kanse, L., Wee, S., Runneboom, C., & Parker, S. K. (2022). Did the COVID-19 lock-down make us better at working in virtual teams?. Small Group Research, 53(2), 185-206. https://doi.org/10.1177/10464964211008991
Lilian, S. C. (2014). Virtual teams: Opportunities and challenges for e-leaders. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 110, 1251–1261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.972
Manning, G., & Curtis, K. (2019). The Art of Leadership (6th Edition). McGraw-Hill Education.
Mencl, J., Wefald, A. J., & van Ittersum, K. W. (2016). Transformational LeaderLeader attributes: interpersonal skills, engagement, and well-being. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 37(5), 635-657. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-09-2014-0178
Montes, L. (2019). Liderazgo de equipos virtuales: Factores de éxito. Retrieved from http://bibliotecadigital.econ.uba.ar/download/tpos/1502-1515_MontesPerezLM.pdf
Neumayr, T., Saatci, B., Rintel, S., Klokmose, C. N., & Augstein, M. (2021). “What was Hybrid? A Systematic Review of Hybrid Collaboration and Meetings Research”, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/2111.06172
Nikbakhsh, N. (2022). Assessing the impact of authentic leadership and the conflict management on the performance of remote-working employees: The example of software/online platform development companies (Unpublished master’s thesis). Tallinn University of Technology.
Northouse, P. G. (2022). Leadership: Theory and practice (7th ed.). Sage Publications.
Rojak, J. A., Sanaji, S., Witjaksono, A. D., & Kistyanto, A. (2024). The influence of transformational leadership and organizational culture on employee performance. EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, 5(1), 977-990. https://doi.org/10.62775/edukasia.v5i1.926
Purvanova, R. K., & Bono, J. E. (2009). Transformational leadership in context: Face-to-face and virtual teams. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(3), 343–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.03.004
Rotundo, M., & Sackett, P. R. (2002). The relative importance of task, citizenship, and counterproductive performance to global ratings of job performance: A policy-capturing approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(1), 66–80. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0021-9010.87.1.66
Rosch, D. M., & Collins, J. D. (2017). The significance of student organizations to leadership development. New directions for student leadership, 2017 (155), 9-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20246
Statista. (2023). Porcentaje de empleados que trabajaron desde casa durante el confinamiento en México en junio de 2020. Retrieved from https://es.statista.com/estadisticas/1147384/porcentaje-empleados-home-office-mexico/
Sultana, S., Subat, A., & Bhuiyan, M. N. (2021). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB STRESS AND WORKPLACE DEVIANT BEHAVIORS: A STUDY ON BANK EMPLOYEES IN BANGLADESH. Bangladesh Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research, 4(1), 14-24. https://doi.org/10.46281/bjmsr.v4i1.1276
Suneson, G. (2020). Industries hit hardest by coronavirus in the US include retail, transportation, and travel. USA Today. Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2020/03/20/us-industries-being-devastated-by-the-coronavirus-travel-hotels-food/111431804/
Zhang, Y., Zhao, R., & Yu, X. (2022). Enhancing virtual team performance via high-quality interpersonal relationships: Effects of authentic leadership. International Journal of Manpower, 43(4), 982–1000. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-08-2020-0378
Bass, B. M. (1999). Two decades of research and development in transformational leadership. European journal of work and organizational psychology, 8(1), 9–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/135943299398410
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2006). Manual for the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Consulting Psychologist Press.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Sage Publications.
Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. Harper and Row.
Carmeli, A. (2003). The relationship between emotional intelligence and work attitudes, behavior and outcomes: An examination among senior managers. Journal of managerial Psychology, 18(8), 788–813. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940310511881
Carmeli, A., Brueller, D., & Dutton, J. E. (2009). Learning behaviours in the workplace: The role of high‐quality interpersonal relationships and psychological safety. Systems Research and Behavioral Science: The Official Journal of the International Federation for Systems Research, 26(1), 81-98. https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.932
Challa, J., & Perwez, S. K. (2023). Influence of leadership styles of women entrepreneurs on their psychological wellbeing. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 11(4), e903-e903. https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i4.903
Chernyak-Hai, L., & Rabenu, E. (2018). The new era workplace relationships: Is social exchange theory still relevant? Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 11(3), 456–481. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2018.5
Cook, J., Mor, Y., & Santos, P. (2020). Three cases of hybridity in learning spaces: Towards a design for a zone of possibility. British Journal of Educational Technology, 51(4), 1155–1167. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12945
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Mapping the field of mixed methods research. Journal of mixed methods research, 3(2), 95-108. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689808330883
Depoo, L., & Hyršlová, J. (2022). Innovative approaches to management of virtual teams leading to reliability and retention. Quality Innovation Prosperity, 26(3), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.12776/qip.v26i3.1734
Dirik, H. F., & Seren Intepeler, S. (2024). An authentic leadership training programme to increase nurse empowerment and patient safety: A quasi‐experimental study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 80(4), 1417-1428. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.15926
Donnelly, R., & Patrinos, H. A. (2021). Learning loss during COVID-19: An early systematic review. Prospects, 51(4), 601–609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-021-09582-6
Dulebohn, J. H., & Hoch, J. E. (2017). Virtual teams in organizations. Human resource management review, 27(4), 569-574. Retrieved from https://daneshyari.com/article/preview/5033606.pdf
Gebbing, P., Bosbach, J., Helms, M., Umel, A., & Lattemann, C. (2024). Blending the Best? Fostering Creativity in Hybrid Teams. ECIS 2024 Proceedings. 18. Retrieved from https://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2024/track09_coghbis/track09_coghbis/18
George, B., Sims, P., McLean, A. N., & Mayer, D. (2007). Discovering your authentic leadership. Harvard Business Review, 85(2), 129–157.
Gusti, R. P., Wangi, P. S., Nofiantari, P., Hardjowikarto, D., & Kartono, K. (2024). The influence of transformational leadership and organizational commitment on employee performance of tea distributors. Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 3(9), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.55324/ijoms.v3i9.894
Gross, R. (2018). Connecting the links between leadership styles and virtual team effectiveness. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 26(2), 185–205. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218495818500073
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2009). Multivariate data analysis: Global edition (7th ed.). Pearson Education.
Hoch, J. E., & Kozlowski, S. W. J. (2014). Leading virtual teams: Hierarchical leadership, structural supports, and shared team leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(3), 390-403. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030264
Hughes, R. L., Ginnett, R. C., & Curphy, G. J. (2019). Leadership: Enhancing the lessons of experience (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Kilag, O. K., Malbas, M., Nengasca, M. K., Longakit, L. J., Celin, L., Pasigui, R., & Valenzona, M. A. V. (2024). Transformational Leadership and Educational Innovation. International Multidisciplinary Journal of Research for Innovation, Sustainability, and Excellence (IMJRISE), 1(1), 110-114.
Kovjanic, S., Schuh, S. C., & Jonas, K. (2013). Transformational leadership and performance: An experimental investigation of the mediating effects of basic needs satisfaction and work engagement. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 86(4), 543-555. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12022
Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C. M., Hildebrandt, V. H., Schaufeli, W. B., de Vet, H. C. W., & Van der Beek, A. J. (2011). Conceptual frameworks of individual work performance. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 53(8), 856-866. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e318226a763
Koopmans, L., Ramos-Villagrasa, P., Barrada, J., & Fernández-del-Río, E. (2019). La evaluación del desempeño en el trabajo con escalas de autoinforme breves: El cuestionario de desempeño laboral individual. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 35(3), 195-205. https://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2019a21
Klonek, F. E., Kanse, L., Wee, S., Runneboom, C., & Parker, S. K. (2022). Did the COVID-19 lock-down make us better at working in virtual teams?. Small Group Research, 53(2), 185-206. https://doi.org/10.1177/10464964211008991
Lilian, S. C. (2014). Virtual teams: Opportunities and challenges for e-leaders. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 110, 1251–1261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.972
Manning, G., & Curtis, K. (2019). The Art of Leadership (6th Edition). McGraw-Hill Education.
Mencl, J., Wefald, A. J., & van Ittersum, K. W. (2016). Transformational LeaderLeader attributes: interpersonal skills, engagement, and well-being. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 37(5), 635-657. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-09-2014-0178
Montes, L. (2019). Liderazgo de equipos virtuales: Factores de éxito. Retrieved from http://bibliotecadigital.econ.uba.ar/download/tpos/1502-1515_MontesPerezLM.pdf
Neumayr, T., Saatci, B., Rintel, S., Klokmose, C. N., & Augstein, M. (2021). “What was Hybrid? A Systematic Review of Hybrid Collaboration and Meetings Research”, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/2111.06172
Nikbakhsh, N. (2022). Assessing the impact of authentic leadership and the conflict management on the performance of remote-working employees: The example of software/online platform development companies (Unpublished master’s thesis). Tallinn University of Technology.
Northouse, P. G. (2022). Leadership: Theory and practice (7th ed.). Sage Publications.
Rojak, J. A., Sanaji, S., Witjaksono, A. D., & Kistyanto, A. (2024). The influence of transformational leadership and organizational culture on employee performance. EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, 5(1), 977-990. https://doi.org/10.62775/edukasia.v5i1.926
Purvanova, R. K., & Bono, J. E. (2009). Transformational leadership in context: Face-to-face and virtual teams. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(3), 343–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.03.004
Rotundo, M., & Sackett, P. R. (2002). The relative importance of task, citizenship, and counterproductive performance to global ratings of job performance: A policy-capturing approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(1), 66–80. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0021-9010.87.1.66
Rosch, D. M., & Collins, J. D. (2017). The significance of student organizations to leadership development. New directions for student leadership, 2017 (155), 9-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20246
Statista. (2023). Porcentaje de empleados que trabajaron desde casa durante el confinamiento en México en junio de 2020. Retrieved from https://es.statista.com/estadisticas/1147384/porcentaje-empleados-home-office-mexico/
Sultana, S., Subat, A., & Bhuiyan, M. N. (2021). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB STRESS AND WORKPLACE DEVIANT BEHAVIORS: A STUDY ON BANK EMPLOYEES IN BANGLADESH. Bangladesh Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research, 4(1), 14-24. https://doi.org/10.46281/bjmsr.v4i1.1276
Suneson, G. (2020). Industries hit hardest by coronavirus in the US include retail, transportation, and travel. USA Today. Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2020/03/20/us-industries-being-devastated-by-the-coronavirus-travel-hotels-food/111431804/
Zhang, Y., Zhao, R., & Yu, X. (2022). Enhancing virtual team performance via high-quality interpersonal relationships: Effects of authentic leadership. International Journal of Manpower, 43(4), 982–1000. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-08-2020-0378
Published
2024-10-09
How to Cite
Salcedo, J., Gandolfi, F., & Garza, A. (2024). LEADERSHIP IN HYBRID WORK TEAMS: IMPACT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL AND AUTHENTIC LEADERSHIP ON RELATIONSHIPS AND TASK PERFORMANCE IN STUDENT TEAMS. Bangladesh Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research, 9(5), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.46281/bjmsr.v9i5.2248
Section
Research Paper/Theoretical Paper/Review Paper/Short Communication Paper
Copyright (c) 2024 Jorge Salcedo, Franco Gandolfi, Astrid Garza
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
