THE ROLE OF UNDEREMPLOYMENT IN TURNOVER INTENTION THROUGH JOB DEPRIVATION AND JOB STRESS: A MULTIPLE MEDIATION MECHANISM

Hafiza Fatima Afzal; K. M. Anwarul Islam; Adnan Ismail; Muhammad Yasir Tahir; Muhammad Zohaib; Jamshaid Riaz; Muhammad Ismail

doi:10.46281/ijbmf.v5i1.1139

Hafiza Fatima Afzal Institute of Southern Punjab, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4106-0918
K. M. Anwarul Islam The Millennium University, Bangladesh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5305-6724
Adnan Ismail Institute of Southern Punjab, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8277-3802
Muhammad Yasir Tahir Institute of Southern Punjab, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8107-0163
Muhammad Zohaib Institute of Southern Punjab, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-9414
Jamshaid Riaz Institute of Southern Punjab, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3109-8640
Muhammad Ismail Institute of Southern Punjab, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9437-9212

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46281/ijbmf.v5i1.1139

Keywords: Job Deprivation, Job Stress, Turnover Intention, Underemployment.

Abstract

Mainly determination focused on examining the 'underemployment 'via exploring its relationship with 'turnover intention'. Furthermore, the other variable 'job deprivation' was analyzed as a mediator for said relationship. In addition, the moderating role of 'job stress' was also premeditated for underemployment and job deprivation. Our targeted audience for this research article was "Traffic Police Wardens" (TPW). We have collected sample data from three cities of Punjab province (1) Lahore, (2) Multan, & (3) Bahawalpur. The population was the whole of Pakistan. Data was collected with the help of a questionnaire via cross-sectional data. 600 were distributed and received N= 499 which were completed by all aspects. The CFA was carried out in SEM (Structural Equation Model), whereas the data was analyzed in SPSS, on the 22^nd version. The statistical analysis of this research article retrospection that Cronbach alpha (α) > 0.72 among all variables which are presenting the highest reliability. Further, we check the correlation of the variables among each other, and we found that the dependent variable (DV) is positively correlated to independent variables (IV) because 'underemployment in turnover intention is positively correlated with job deprivation and job stresses. Results of this research article demonstrate that correlation values were r = >0.5 and Regression’s values p = <0.01. It indicates that there was a positive and significant effect of underemployment on turnover intention. The findings also support job deprivation as an intervening mechanism for the relation of underemployment and turnover intention. In addition, job stress acts as a moderator for the relationship between underemployment and job deprivation. The study concludes with a discussion, limitations, and future research directions including implications both for theory and practitioners.

JEL Classification Codes: O15.

Author Biographies

Hafiza Fatima Afzal, Institute of Southern Punjab, Pakistan

MS in Business Administration, Business Administration, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Pakistan

K. M. Anwarul Islam, The Millennium University, Bangladesh

Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration, The Millennium University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Adnan Ismail, Institute of Southern Punjab, Pakistan

MS in Business Administration, Department of Business Administration, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Pakistan

Muhammad Yasir Tahir, Institute of Southern Punjab, Pakistan

MS in Business Administration, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Pakistan

Muhammad Zohaib, Institute of Southern Punjab, Pakistan

MS in Business Administration, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Pakistan

Jamshaid Riaz, Institute of Southern Punjab, Pakistan

MS in Business Administration, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Pakistan

Muhammad Ismail, Institute of Southern Punjab, Pakistan

M.Phil, Management Sciences Department, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Pakistan

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